How Submarines Work

When on the surface a sophisticated global positioning system gps accurately determines latitude and longitude but this system cannot work when the submarine is submerged. Underwater the submarine uses inertial guidance systems electric mechanical that keep track of the ship s motion from a fixed starting point by using gyroscopes. The french submarine le terrible is inaugurated on march 21 2008 in cherbourg france.

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Most submarines have a distillation apparatus that can take in seawater and produce fresh water.

How submarines work. Nuclear submarines use nuclear reactors steam turbines and reduction ge aring to drive the main propeller shaft which provides the forward and reverse thrust in the water an electric motor drives the same shaft when docking or in an emergency. By marshall brain craig freudenrich ph d. The distillation plant heats the seawater to water vapor which removes the salts and then cools the water vapor into a collecting tank of fresh water. Submarines also need electric power to operate the equipment on board.

The hydroplanes are angled so that water moves up over the stern which forces the stern downward. Hydroplanes like airplane wings are also used to move up down. Like small nuclear power plants the submarine has a nuclear reactor which doesn t require air then generate power to drive the sub s electric motors. While it s underwater a submarine is negatively buoyant which means it tends to sink left to its own devices if it s not moving.

When the submarine surfaces compressed air flows from the air flasks into the ballast tanks and the water is forced out of the submarine until its overall density is less than the surrounding water positive buoyancy and the submarine rises. Therefore the submarine is angled upward. A rear wing or tail or rudder is used to take turns. Le terrible was developed entirely through computer assisted design and will begin service in 2010.

Nuclear submarines use nuclear reactors steam turbines and reduction ge aring to drive the main propeller shaft which provides the forward and reverse thrust in the water an electric motor drives the same shaft when docking or in an emergency. But as the submarine s propellers push it forward water rushes over the planes creating an upward force called lift that helps it remain at a certain depth creating a state of neutral buoyancy floating. Submarines also need electric power to operate the equipment on board.